GIS Glossary

A recorded measurement or event at a specific location and time, forming the basis for spatial analysis and modelling (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A specified distance used to create parallel features or to buffer spatial features for analysis (inferred from standard GIS usage).

In network or link analysis, a visual arrangement of entities that emphasizes node connections, helping to reveal spatial or relational patterns.

The angle or direction at which a spatial feature (such as a symbol, line, or text) is positioned relative to a reference direction, often north. Orientation is important for interpreting spatial relationships and map design.

An aerial photograph that has been geometrically corrected (orthorectified) so that the scale is uniform and can be used as a map. Orthophotos are foundational for accurate spatial analysis and base mapping.

A core spatial analysis operation in which two or more map layers are superimposed to identify relationships, intersections, or combined attributes between features. Overlay analysis is fundamental for tasks such as suitability modelling and impact assessment.

In spatial statistics, a measure used to determine the significance of spatial patterns or relationships.

The action of moving the visible area of a map display without changing the scale or orientation.

A process that merges high-resolution panchromatic and lower-resolution multispectral imagery to create a single high-resolution colour image

A single-band image capturing a wide range of wavelengths, often used in remote sensing for its high spatial resolution.

A map composed of several adjoining sheets or panels, used for displaying large geographic areas at detailed scales.

The apparent shift in an object’s position when viewed from two different angles, important in photogrammetry for deriving elevation and depth.

In network analysis, a sequence of connected edges or lines representing a route between locations (inferred from standard GIS usage).

The smallest unit of a raster dataset, representing a single value for a specific area on the ground (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A zero-dimensional spatial feature representing a single location, such as a well, tree, or address (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A spatial analysis method that calculates the concentration of point features within a specified area, often used for hotspot analysis (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A vector feature representing a closed area defined by a sequence of connected lines, used for mapping regions such as lakes, parcels, or administrative boundaries.

A spatial analysis technique where multiple polygon layers are combined to identify intersections, unions, or differences between areas (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A one-dimensional vector feature composed of straight line segments, used to represent linear features like roads or rivers (inferred from standard GIS usage).

The level of detail and exactness of spatial data measurements, important for ensuring reliable analysis (inferred from standard GIS usage).