GIS Glossary

A group of features and their associated data, often used as a unit for analysis or processing.

The use of Boolean logic (AND, OR, NOT) to combine or compare spatial features or attributes during analysis (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A widely used GIS file format for storing the geometric location and attribute information of geographic features.

A measure of the steepness or degree of incline of a surface, important in terrain analysis and hydrological modelling.

The process of examining locations, attributes, and relationships of features in spatial data to answer questions or derive new information.

Data that includes information about the location and shape of geographic features, as well as their attributes.

A data structure that improves the speed and efficiency of spatial queries by organizing spatial data for quick retrieval.

Analytical procedures and methodologies used to derive information about spatial relationships between geographic phenomena.

A function that allows users to find, display, or isolate features based on their spatial relationships or locations within a defined area.

An extension of SQL that enables querying and manipulation of spatial data types such as geometries and geographies.

A coordinate system based on a sphere, typically using latitude and longitude to specify locations on the Earth.

A coordinate system used in the United States to define locations based on state-specific projections for increased accuracy.

A spatial analysis technique used to determine the appropriateness of a given area for a particular use based on multiple criteria (inferred from standard GIS usage).

Analytical techniques applied to continuous surfaces (like elevation or temperature) to derive information such as slope, aspect, or viewshed.

A network of precisely measured points used as a reference framework for spatial data collection and accuracy.

The visual representation of spatial features on a map, including symbols, colours, and patterns, crucial for effective data visualization (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A data format developed by the U.S. Census Bureau for encoding spatial features such as streets and census boundaries, supporting demographic and spatial analysis.

Non-spatial, descriptive information organized in rows and columns (tables),which can be linked to spatial features for enriched analysis.

The examination of spatial data over time to identify trends, changes, or patterns, essential for dynamic spatial modelling (inferred from standard GIS usage).

A map layer representing a specific type of spatial data, such as land use, elevation, or population density. Thematic layers are fundamental for visualizing and analysing particular geographic phenomena.